Explore IBM Django Interview Questions and Answers
Django is free and open-source high-level web framework based on Python which was first created in 2003. This is based on the Model View Template (MVT) architectural pattern. Today, It is the most required skill.
It is managed under a Non-profit Organization called Django Software Foundation (DSF) in the US. Well, whether you are a newbie or a pro who would want to become a Django Developer, and prepare yourself for the forthcoming interview — we provides you-greatest-50- Django Interview Questions and Answers that surely helps you to land your next interview.
Q. What is Django?
Django is Full stack web development framework that aids the creation and production of high-quality Dynamic pages, while promoting rapid development and a clean pragmatic design. Django helps automate repetitive tasks, creating a more efficient code with less code written.
Q. List of Companies using Django
Well-known users of the Django framework include Instagram, Mozilla, Disqus, Bitbucket, Nextdoor, and Clubhouse
Q. Difference between Project and App (in a nutshell)
The only difference is that we can define a project as the whole application, where as an app is a part of a project that can work on its own to perform any kind of task.
Q. SAQ 5 Explain architecture of Django.
Django uses Model-View-Template or MVT architecture. It is a software design pattern for web application development The Django MVT (Most Version Template) Structure consists of 3 parts:
This model will become the face of your data. It is data management responsible. A database is the logical data structure which underpins the entire application like MySql and Postgres.
View: This is the interface, that displays a page from a website in your browser. This is represented with HTML/CSS/Javascript files and Jinja files respectively.
A template is a combination of static portions of the desired HTML output and specific syntax that describes how dynamic content will be inserted.
Q. Features of DjangoDjango Features.
- Flexible server arrangement,
- Model relation database
- Offer an object-relational mapper
- Web templating system
- Middleware class support
- Regex-based URL Dispatcher
- Unit testing framework
- Admin Interface
- Django is SEO optimized.
- In-build mitigation
- Easy inheritance
Q. Discuss about Django project directory structure.
Basic files like @manage are already available when creating a Django project from scratch. py and view. py.
init. py – This is an empty python file It gets called when the package is imported or imported a module in the package. This file indicates to the python interpreter that this directory is a package and presence of _init. Any folder which contains a py file is called a Python project,
manage. py – This allows you to interact with your project via the command line utility. Using this command, we can manage multiple commands like:
manage.py runserver
manage.py makemigration
manage.py migrate’ etc
setting. py – The main file in django projects. It stores all the configuration values your web app requires to function: pre-installed, apps, middleware, default db, API keys, and quite a few other things.
views. py – The View displays the data from the model. The view knows how to access the data in the model, but it has no way of knowing what the data represents, or what the user might do with it.
urls. this repo has all the endpoints we put all project links and functions to call it. py — py is a global locator.
models. py — The Model is the class that represents the models of the web applications, it only stores the data, there should not be any logic you may use to represent the data to a user.
wsgi. py – WSGI is short for Web Server Gateway Interface, This file is used to deploy the project in WSGI It aids in communication between the web server and your Django application. more…
admin. py– It helps to register a super user model, login, and then use the web app.
app. py – It is a file that allows the developer to add the application configuration for his/her application.
Q. Creating a django project How do you create a django project.
The following command helps us in creating a Django project
django-admin startproject projectname
Q. Create a Django App Question: What is a Django app?
A Django app can be created using the command below —
python manage. py startapp appname
Q. As a simple way to get our dev server started,
With the following command we can run our development server
python manage.py runserver
Q. Virtualenv setup in Django(virtualenv): — You May Find The Importance of It
Virtual Environment Create a separate environment which is not related to any other environment and quickly enable or deactivate as needed for separate dependencies of the different projects.
Without a virtual environment we can work with Django projects, it does not mean that we have to use a virtual environment. But it is believed that it is a best practice to use virtualenv. Since it removes dependencies and resolutions.
Q. Django admin interface summary
Django comes with a default and quite useful admin interface, that make it easy for the user to create, read, update and delete the model objects necessary to perform some administrative tasks. It reads a declarative definition of data that describes the data from the model to quickly build an interface in which the user can change the contents of the application. This is an in-built module.
Q. What are Django URLs?
A website is made up of URLs that decide its routing. We create a python module or a file with the name urls in the program. py. This file determines how your website is navigated. The urls in the urls.py maps a view function so that when a user hits a specified URL route on the browser a view function is called. py file are compared. After fetching an appropriate view method, the user is given the response for the URL that was requested.
Q. What are the views of Django?
Django views — one of the features of MVT Structure. According to the Django script, this is a view function or a view class that receives a web request and returns a web response. This could be an HTML template, a content of a Web page, an XML document, a PDF, images. The view is a section of the user interface that when we render a webpage, converts the HTML/CSS/Javascript from your Template files into what you see in your browser.
Q. What are the Models in Django?
The Model is part of the Django that contains a point of object-definitive information such as behavior and necessary fields about the data we are putting in. It enables us to create tables, fields and constraints as well as grouping tables to models. Typically there is one model per database table. Before we can use Django Models, we will need a project and app to use. Django also uses SQL in its database access. There are numerous queries in SQL which can differ in terms of complexity for generating, removing, and updating, etc.
Q. What do the following commands mean?
python manage. py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
Makemigration command checks the model of your application and creates a new migration based on the changes you made to the model file. This command gives the SQL statement and when we run it we get a new migration. Executing this command will not create any tables in the database.
We run migrate command to perform those changes in our database. The migrate command executes the SQL commands (which are given by makemigrations) and modifies the database. We will create the tables after you run this command.
Q. What are the sessions?
Sessions are the method of tracking the state of the site and the browser. Sessions are server-side files that store the user data during the session. The session ends when the user close the browser or Log out from a program. We can store as much data as we want in a session, We have to call the session start() method to begin the session. One of the great benefits of session is that the data is stored encrypted.
Q. What are Static files and their Uses
Static files are those which you save files like CSS, Javascript, Images and so on Static type files. We place them in separate folders, such as the folder for js, which contains all of the JavaScript files and the folder for the images which contains all of the images. These files are stored under a static subfolder of the project app. Django provides django. contrib. staticfiles this give us functionality to manage static files. Static files have some use cases:
It explains the various file methods and file attributes.
It is basically platform independent while generic files are not.
It can be extended using subclasses.
Q. What does the settings. py file do?
settings. py — This is a file that is common in Django projects. In best case, it contains all the configuration values your web app needs to run: database configurations, logging configuration, static files location, API keys if you interact with some external API, and much more.
Q. MVC vs MVT design patterns difference.
However, the controller drives both Model and View in MVC and Views are used to receive HTTP requests and return HTTP responses in MVT.
In MVC, we have to write all control-specific code while Using MVT, we have to write all control-specific code in View and in Template components.
MVT is loosely coupled while, MVC is even more coupled.
It is hard to change in MVC but change is easy in MVT.
MVC is intended for big apps and MVT is for small and large apps
None URL mapping takes place in MVC, whereas URL pattern mapping takes place in MVT.
Whereas MVT can be less clear MVT is intuitive and easy to read.
Q. What is Django ORM?
The ORM (Object Relation Model)–it allows you to communicate with your database. An ODMS provides us with the ability to add, remove, modify, and find objects (Object Relational Mapper). Django uses ORM or object relation Models to have a fully functional interface of Viewed with its database models, but to use Django object relation Models we have to first have our project running with an app. You can create models under app/models. Set of the commands in app.py after an app has been started We can interact with the Django ORM by executing the following command in our project directory.
python manage.py shell
This brings up a Python console where we can insert objects, extract objects, change already present items and delete objects.
Q. What is Superuser?
Superuser is the highly privileged user who has all the permissions on the admin page with create, read delete and update on model records and other Your. Django has an Admin Panel available for users. This feature is only useful after project migration, and without migrating your project you will not be able to create any superuser database. Next, navigate into the same directory, and run the following command to create a superuser.
python manage. py createsuperuser
Q. What is Jinja templating?
Jinja (Jinja2the most current version) A template engine for generating HTML, XML, and other markup types. Jinja2 is important because it has a template tag syntax, and because this project has been factored out into a stand-alone open-source project that can be used by other code libraries as a dependency. Some of its features are:
HTML Escaping – Template defines , & characters to be special characters, so if using a normal text then these symbols can lead to XSS Attacks, which are automatically handled by Jinja.
Sandbox Execution — This is a structure that automates the testing steps in a protected sandbox environment
Template Inheritance
Much faster than default engine for HTML templates
It is easier to debug than the default engine.
Q. What is csrf_token?
CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) is one of the most dangerous vulnerabilities and can be used to change a user (account) info without user’s knowledge, even take over the account completely. Django provides a per cent token per cent tag {% csrf_token %} that must be used in a form to prevent Cross-Site Request Forgeries. So, when the server is generating the page, it creates a token and then makes sure that all requests coming back in are checked against that token. They are not executed as the token is not part of the incoming requests.
