Top 20 Cognizant DevOps Interview Questions and Answers

Top 20 Cognizant DevOps Interview Questions and Answers. DevOps is a top notch skill right now in the industry, if you want to make a good career in DevOps profile then you will get a good salary package. Today we have a special treat for you! insights from different candidates who recently faced Cognizant DevOps interview process.

Before we discuss about the interview questions lets talk about the mindset the applicant need to cultivate to crack the Cognizant DevOps interview. DevOps task is all about collaboration of automation and continuous improvement for a project. So the ability of a DevOps Engineer is to work in across functional teams to automate processes and drive more efficiency for software development and deployment.

Unlocking the Secrets of Cognizant DevOps Interview Question

Q. Why do we use SSH connection?

SSH (Secure Shell) connection is the access management through SSH Protocol. In simple way we can say we can make a cryptographic network protocol that transfers encrypted data through the network. We can connect to one or multiple server without entering any password for each system. We can connect or log in remotely from one system to another.

Q. What is CI/CD in DevOps?

CI/CD is the methodology. CI and CD is the automation practice that integrates code changes where multiple developers are working in a simple codebase and deployed in the server. It is a simple software development approach where multiple developers add and commit their work frequently to the central code repository (Github or GitLabs etc.).

Continuous Integration: Continuous Integration means one or more than one developer who frequently commit to a common repository through a version control system like Git. A continuous integration is a pipeline where aomatically completes then run the build also stores the artifacts then run the unit tests and then code quality test like Sonar and lastly creates the build copy.

Continuous Delivery: Continuous delivery means deploying the code in any server (like, DEV, QA or UAT) that helps developers to check and test their code in a production similar environment.These tests as like UI testing, load testing, function testing integration testing, etc. The deployment is happening by doing movement of the build copy through CI pipeline to the server. In these way the developer can discover and resolve the bugs or issue as per business requirment.

Q. What is HTTPS and why do we need to use it?

HTTPS means HyperText Transfer Protocol is a Secure protocol that communicates in between the user browser and the website(server end). It helps to securely transfer of data. HTTPS is the secure protocol of HTTP. We use it to transfer data more securely and encrypted way. For transmitting any sensitive information like passwords, contact information, etc encryption is required to ensure security.

Q. What is the Blue/Green Deployment?

Blue Green Deployment model is very popular for zero downtime for the environment. Here we need take place deploy two versions of our application one is the stable version and take another version for a new feature or bug fix. In that way both enhancement and present application will serve to the user.

Blue Deployment: Blue mode is the primary deployment which is stable and present in production to meet the expectations for the user.
Green Deployment: We make a clone version of production and make the urgent hotfix and business changes or enhancement / additional changes. Then the developer will work on it and fix all the issues or enhancement and push that code in green deployment. So at that time all the traffic will route to Green deployment and make it as blue so that all issues are resolved and there is no downtime for the user in the production environment.
Same way blue deployment is made as vice versa and created as green deployment. Today is Blue/Green Deployment is very popular for realtime deployment with zeto downtime.

Q. What is the main difference between DevOps and Agile?

The Agile methodology is a simple practice for taking care of or managing small and incremental changes of a project and delivering through iterative development and ongoing testing. In Business presentation all developers work and release management are tracked through agile process and delived to busnines. While DevOps emphasizes is a combination of Development and Operation. DevOps inclues continuous integration and continuous deployment along with testing and monitoring. Through DevOps workflow we can deliver the development as per the business requirement.
In a simple way we can say Agile is a methodology about we are developing and delivering a software. while DevOps is a methodology where we continuously deploy code using the modern tools and automated processes.

Q. How do we do continuous testing process?

The Continuous testing is called as automated testing. When the developer push the code to any codebase(Git, GitLabs) then the entire tested by different software continuously. Continious testing includes unit testing and code quality testing. This testing is performed in every stage starting from the initial stages to the ultimate development until the code is deployed.

Q. What is ‘Pair Programming’?

In development domain pair programming is a technique where two developers work together in a workstation. Where one person who writes code is called a driver and another one who observe and navigate every line of the code and function is working or not that person is known as navigator. They can switch their role as vice versa.

Q. What is Configuration Management in software development?

Configuration Management is the process of controlling the development system and doing all documentation as per the changes. Configuration Management is the management approach to track all changes and making a document. In these way a large teams can work together for a stable environment with flexibility and creative work.

Q. What is Infrastructure as Code (IaC) in DevOps?

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) is a technique where we can make change or managing and provision any cloud infrastructure using code without manual configuration. In these way team members can automate the setup and management the infrastructure. These approch is making it more efficient and consistent for the DevOps expert. In DevOps team members can constantly update and track the version for deploying any software.

Q. Explain the core concept of Git branching.

Git Branches technology is invented to work for multiple developer on a project. Branches are allow us to work on a project without impacting the main branch. When the add on work or hot fix is complete then that branch can merge with the main branch. We can switch to a different branches and work on that work for same or different project without making any problems with each other. In Git branch all changes are tracked through the commit ID and commit message.

Q. What is Git stash?

In a simple way we are going to explain. Suppose we are working in a project and some urgent work is coming so we have not committed that before code. Here shash is coming where we can store our working directory code to stash section as a temporary basis. After completing the recent work we can roll back our source code through stash command in our local working directory.

Q. What is a GIT Repository?

Git is a distributed version control system (DVCS) is used to store the source code for tracking the changes in a software development cycle. The main advantage is in Git repo where multiple developers can work together as a team on the same repositories to manage the codebase versions as a history of project modifications. Through git, developers can work together as seamlessly and merge changes to meet the business requirement as a organized approach in software development.

Q. What Is Jenkins?

Jenkins is a free open source automation tool in DevOps profile. It is for developers to build, test and deploy any code like Java, Node, React, Python etc in software development industry. We need to create a pipeline for CI part and CD part or both CI-CD part. The pipeline we can create through shell script or other language and the main advantage is wide range of add on the facility can achieved through plugins. In pre, post deployment we can create multiple automation with maintaining security, alert, monitoring and everything.

Q. Why do we use cherry pick command in git?

In Git developers can choose and apply any specific commits from one branch to another through Cherry picking process. This freature is very easy and handy to manage diffrent scenarios when any specific commit need to deploy to any branch. In this way we can deploy incorporating crital changes (using GIT commit ID) with out doing any effect in whole code or without merging entire branches.

The Cherry-pick command:

git cherry-pick <commit-ID>

16. What is the sudo command in Linux?

Sudo means “Super User DO” and sudo command is used in Linux to give the user as the only superusers permission to run anything. In Windows when we run any application as “run as administrator” it will same as like “sudo” in Linux enviorment. So some system configuataion or software installation we need to give the user as sodo command to esecute and run that command as SUPERUSER. We are giveing an example.

sudo apt update

Q: What is the main Difference in Between Git Pull and Fetch?

Git Fetch:
Used to fetch all changes from the remote repository to the local repository without merging into the current working directory

Command for Git fetch:

git fetch <origin-name>

Git Pull:
Brings the copy of all the changes from a remote repository and merges them into the current working directory

Command for Git Pull is

git pull <origin-name>

Q. What are the major components of Selenium?

Selenium is a powerful software testing tool to control web browser through the programming language. By Selenium function we can use all browser for all Operating system. Selenium script is written in diffrent programming language as like Python, Java, C# etc. Now widely choosing the Python language as its wide flexibility. Selenium four major section:

• Selenium IDE
• Selenium RC
• Selenium Web driver
• Selenium GRID

Q. What is a Puppet in DevOps?

Puppet is an open source management automation tool. By using Puppet system administrators make changes by using infrastructure as code. The puppet model is working as a Master slave configuration. Where master is the system administration and slave is the client or node where we make tha changes. Puppet has descriptive human understandable Language by using that we can make the changes in any node without individual script. In the puppet framework we can maintain a wide level of configuration management using a administrative model.

Q. What is Ansible?

Ansible is a wide level used an open source management automation tool. Through Ansible we can manage the application deployment, cloud provision, infrastructure orchestration, and other master client management. using Ansible we can make changes perticular any agent server and we can deploy the software on any specific server or at a time in all server without human interaction. Ansible can also be used to configure the servers and create user accounts.

Ansible is an agentless software where we can connect through SSH connection to perform any specific operation. To perfom the task we need not requred to install any software we can do it without any agent and make the changes by SSH Connection to the perticular server.